p 100.class
p 10000000000000000000000000000000000.class
Fixnum Bignum
Bignum
60.step(70, 1).each{ |i| puts "%i\t%s"%[i, (2 ** i).class]}
60 Fixnum 61 Fixnum 62 Bignum 63 Bignum 64 Bignum 65 Bignum 66 Bignum 67 Bignum 68 Bignum 69 Bignum 70 Bignum
60
1.odd?
2.even?
true
p (0..10).to_a.select(&:odd?)
p (0..10).to_a.select(&:even?)
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9] [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
p 2.next
p 2.succ
p 2.pred
3 3 1
1
1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: divided by 0 (pry):20:in `/' (pry):20:in `<main>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'
p 30.to_s
p 30.to_s(2)
p 30.to_s(8)
p 30.to_s(16)
"30" "11110" "36" "1e"
"1e"
(65..70).map {|n| n.chr}
["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"]
256.chr
RangeError: 256 out of char range (pry):26:in `chr' (pry):26:in `<main>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'
"あ".ord
12354
[12354, 12353, 12356].pack("U*")
"あぁい"
"あいうえ".unpack("U*")
[12354, 12356, 12358, 12360]
"A".ord
65
12354.chr("UTF-8")
"あ"
p '123'.to_i
p Time.now.to_i
123 1456312066
1456312066
Integer('234')
234
Integer(nil)
TypeError: can't convert nil into Integer (pry):43:in `Integer' (pry):43:in `<main>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'
Integer '123'
123
Array(1)
[1]
Array([1, 2])
[1, 2]
Array(nil)
[]
Integer('abc')
ArgumentError: invalid value for Integer(): "abc" (pry):52:in `Integer' (pry):52:in `<main>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'
Integer([1])
TypeError: can't convert Array into Integer (pry):53:in `Integer' (pry):53:in `<main>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load' /Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'
1.upto 3 do |num|
puts num
end
puts '-----------------'
3.downto 1 do |num|
puts num
end
1 2 3 ----------------- 3 2 1
3
3.times do |num|
puts num
end
0 1 2
3
3.times.class
Enumerator
sum = 0.0; 10.times{|i| sum += 0.1 }; p sum
0.9999999999999999
0.9999999999999999
p 1.0 / 0
p -1.0 / 0
p 0.0 / 0
Infinity -Infinity NaN
NaN
r = Rational(1, 3)
(1/3)
p r.denominator
p r.numerator
3 1
1
sum = 0; 10.times{|i| sum += 1/10r }; p sum
(1/1)
(1/1)
3.quo(10)
(3/10)
Time.now.to_r
(1456312849490761/1000000)
Complex(2, 3)
Complex('2+2i')