The longitudinal wave velocity in a material is given by the equation: $$V_p = \sqrt{\frac{k+4\mu/3}{\rho}},$$ where $V_p$ is the longitudinal wave velocity, $k$ is the bulk modulus, $\mu$ is the shear modulus and $\rho$ is the density. The shear wave velocity is given by the equation: $$V_s = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\rho}},$$ where $V_s$ is the shear velocity.
Material | Shear modulus (GPa) | Bulk modulus (GPa) | Density (kg/m^3) |
---|---|---|---|
Quartz | 44 | 38 | 2650 |
Clay | 6.85 | 20.9 | 2580 |
Water | 0 | 2.29 | 1000 |
The file VostokStation.txt in the library data folder contains data derived from ice core data at Vostok Station. Each line contains the age of the ice, temperature at which the ice formed, the concentration of carbon dioxide and concentration of methane.
The file last_months_earthquakes.csv in the data folder contains a list of earthquakes from around the world over the past month. Each field is delimited by a comma.