#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# # Наследование

# In[1]:


class A:
    def f(self):
        print('A.f')

class B(A):
    def g(self):
        print('B.g')
        
class C(B):
    def f(self):
        print('C.f')
        
a = A()
b = B()
c = C()

type(a)


# In[2]:


type(a) is A


# In[3]:


type(b) is A


# In[4]:


isinstance(b, B)


# In[5]:


isinstance(b, A)


# In[6]:


isinstance(b, object)


# In[7]:


issubclass(C, A)


# In[8]:


issubclass(A, C)


# In[9]:


issubclass(A, object)


# In[10]:


c.__class__


# In[11]:


C.__bases__


# In[12]:


A.__subclasses__()


# In[13]:


a.f()


# In[14]:


b.f()


# In[15]:


c.f()


# In[16]:


C.__mro__


# In[17]:


c.lalala()


# In[ ]:


c.f()


# In[ ]:


A.f(c)


# In[ ]:


super(C, c).f()


# In[18]:


class X:
    def __init__(self):
        print('X')

class Y(X):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        print('Y')

y = Y()


# # Обработка исключений

# In[19]:


try:
    pass
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[20]:


try:
    raise Exception
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[21]:


try:
    raise ValueError
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[22]:


try:
    raise ValueError
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[23]:


try:
    raise Exception
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[24]:


try:
    raise KeyboardInterrupt
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[25]:


try:
    raise ValueError
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
    raise
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[26]:


try:
    raise ValueError
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
    raise RuntimeError from e
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except:
    print('except')
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[27]:


import sys
import traceback


try:
    raise KeyboardInterrupt
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
    raise RuntimeError from e
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except:
    t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
    print('except')
    traceback.print_exception(t, v, tb)
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[28]:


import traceback


try:
    raise KeyboardInterrupt
except ValueError as e:
    print('except ValueError')
    raise RuntimeError from e
except Exception as e:
    print('except Exception')
except:
    print('except')
    traceback.print_exc()
else:
    print('else')
finally:
    print('finally')


# In[29]:


def f1():
    f2()

def f2():
    f3()
    
def f3():
    raise ValueError
    
f1()


# In[30]:


def f1():
    try:
        f2()
    except ValueError:
        print('gotcha')
    print('f1')

def f2():
    f3()
    print('f2')
    
def f3():
    raise ValueError
    print('f3')
    
f1()


# # Стандартные исключения

# In[31]:


raise int


# In[32]:


import sys

sys.exit()


# In[33]:


import math

math.exp(1000)


# In[34]:


1 / 0


# In[35]:


assert(False)


# In[36]:


"asdf".asdf


# In[37]:


import asdf


# In[38]:


a = [1, 2, 3]
a[5]


# In[39]:


d = {}
d['a']


# In[40]:


a = list(range(10 ** 15))


# In[41]:


def f():
    if False:
        a = 1
    print(a)
    
f()


# In[42]:


a +


# In[43]:


def f():
    print(1)
      print(2)


# In[44]:


def f():
    print(1)
	print(2)


# In[45]:


"s" + 1


# In[46]:


import math

math.acos(2)


# # Свое исключение

# In[47]:


class MyError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, message):
        self.message = message

    def __str__(self):
        return self.message


raise MyError("Error message")