t = (12,-1)
print type(t)

print isinstance(t,tuple)
print len(t)

t = (12,"monty",True,-1.23e6)
print t[1]

print t[-1]

t[-2:]  # get the last two elements, return as a tuple

x = (True) ; print type(x)
x = (True,) ; print type(x)

type(()), len(())

type((,))

t[2] = False

t[0:2], False, t[3:]

## the above it 
## not what we wanted... need to concatenate
t[0:2] + False + t[3:]

y = t[0:2] + (False,) + t[3:] ; print y

t*2

v = [1,2,3] ; print len(v), type(v)

v[0:2]

v = ["eggs","spam",-1,("monty","python"),[-1.2,-3.5]]
len(v)

v[0] ="green egg"
v[1] += ",love it."
v[-1]

v[-1][1] = None ; print v

v = v[2:] ; print v

# let's make a proto-array out of nested lists
vv = [ [1,2], [3,4] ]

print len(vv)

determinant = vv[0][0]*vv[1][1] - vv[0][1]*vv[1][0]
print determinant

v = [1,2,3]
v.append(4)
v.append([-5]) ; print v

v = v[:4]
w = ['elderberries', 'eggs']
v + w

v.extend(w) ; print v

v.pop()

print v

v.pop(0) ; print v ## pop the first element

v = [1,3, 2, 3, 4, 'elderberries']
v.sort() ; print v

v.sort(reverse=True) ; print v

v.index(4)   ## lookup the index of the entry 4

v.index(3)

v.count(3)

v.insert(0,"it's full of stars") ; print v

v.remove(1) ; print v

a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
for x in a:
       print x, len(x)

for i,x in enumerate(a):
       print i, x, len(x)

for x in a:
       print x,

x = range(4) ; print x
total = 0
for val in range(4):
        total += val
        print "By adding " + str(val) + \
              " the total is now " + str(total)

total = 0
for val in range(1,10,2):
    total += val
    print "By adding " + str(val) + \
          " the total is now " + str(total)

a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb']
for i in range(len(a)):
    print i, a[i]

{1,2,3,"bingo"}

print type({1,2,3,"bingo"})

print  type({})

print type(set())

set("spamIam")

a = set("sp"); b = set("am"); print a ; print b

c = set(["a","m"])
c == b

"p" in a

"ps" in a

q = set("spamIam")
a.issubset(q)

a | b

q - (a | b)

q & (a | b)

# this is pretty volitile...wont be the same
# order on all machines
for i in q & (a | b):
    print i, 

q.remove("a")

q.pop()

print q.pop()
print q.pop()

print q.pop()

q.pop()

# number 1...you've seen this
d = {"favorite cat": None, "favorite spam": "all"}

# number 2
d = dict(one = 1, two=2,cat = 'dog') ; print d

# number 3 ... just start filling in items/keys
d = {}  # empty dictionary
d['cat'] = 'dog'
d['one'] = 1
d['two'] = 2
d

# number 4... start with a list of tuples
mylist = [("cat","dog"), ("one",1),("two",2)]
print dict(mylist)

dict(mylist) == d

d = {"favorite cat": None, "favorite spam": "all"}

d = {'favorites': {'cat': None, 'spam': 'all'}, \
     'least favorite': {'cat': 'all', 'spam': None}}
print d['least favorite']['cat']

phone_numbers = {'family': [('mom','642-2322'),('dad','534-2311')],\
                     'friends': [('Billy','652-2212')]}

for group_type in ['friends','family']:
        print "Group " + group_type + ":"
        for info in phone_numbers[group_type]:
             print " ",info[0], info[1]

# this will return a list, but you dont know in what order! 
phone_numbers.keys()

phone_numbers.values()

for group_type in phone_numbers.keys():
        print "Group " + group_type + ":"
        for info in phone_numbers[group_type]:
             print " ",info[0], info[1]

groups = phone_numbers.keys()
groups.sort()
for group_type in groups:
        print "Group " + group_type + ":"
        for info in phone_numbers[group_type]:
             print " ",info[0], info[1]

for group_type, vals in phone_numbers.iteritems():
        print "Group " + group_type + ":"
        for info in vals:
             print " ",info[0], info[1]

phone_numbers['co-workers']

phone_numbers.has_key('co-workers')

print phone_numbers.get('co-workers')

phone_numbers.get('friends') == phone_numbers['friends']

print phone_numbers.get('co-workers',"all alone")

# add to the friends list
phone_numbers['friends'].append(("Marsha","232-1121"))
print phone_numbers

## billy's number changed
phone_numbers['friends'][0][1] = "532-1521"

phone_numbers['friends'][0] = ("Billy","532-1521")

## I lost all my friends preparing for this Python class
phone_numbers['friends'] = [] # sets this to an empty list

## remove the friends key altogether
print phone_numbers.pop('friends')

print phone_numbers

del phone_numbers['family']

print phone_numbers

phone_numbers.update({"friends": [("Billy's Brother, Bob", "532-1521")]})
print phone_numbers