import antigravity

import this

script_dir = '../scripts/'

ls $script_dir"hello-world"*.py

cat $script_dir"hello-world.py"

!python $script_dir"hello-world.py"

!ls $script_dir

cat $script_dir"hello-world-in-portuguese.py"

!python $script_dir"hello-world-in-portuguese.py"

import math

import math

x = math.cos(2 * math.pi)

print(x)

from math import *

x = cos(2 * pi)

print(x)

from math import cos, pi

x = cos(2 * pi)

print(x)

from numpy.linalg import inv
from scipy.sparse.linalg import inv as sparseinv

import math

print(dir(math))

help(math.log)

log(10)

log(10, 2)

help(math)

import sys
import keyword

print sys.version
print ''
print(keyword.kwlist)

# variable assignments
x = 1.0
my_variable = 12.2

type(x)

x = 1

type(x)

print(y)

# integers
x = 1
type(x)

# float
x = 1.0
type(x)

# boolean
b1 = True
b2 = False

type(b1)

# complex numbers: note the use of `j` to specify the imaginary part
x = 1.0 - 1.0j
type(x)

print(x)

print(x.real, x.imag)

import types

# print all types defined in the `types` module
print(dir(types))

x = 1.0

# check if the variable x is a float
type(x) is float

# check if the variable x is an int
type(x) is int

isinstance(x, float)

x = 1.5

print(x, type(x))

x = int(x)

print(x, type(x))

z = complex(x)

print(z, type(z))

x = float(z)

y = bool(z.real)

print(z.real, " -> ", y, type(y))

y = bool(z.imag)

print(z.imag, " -> ", y, type(y))

1 + 2, 1 - 2, 1 * 2, 1 / 2

1.0 + 2.0, 1.0 - 2.0, 1.0 * 2.0, 1.0 / 2.0

3.0 // 2.0

2 ** 2

True and False

not False

True or False

2 > 1, 2 < 1

2 > 2, 2 < 2

2 >= 2, 2 <= 2

# equality
[1,2] == [1,2]

# objects identical?
l1 = l2 = [1,2]

l1 is l2

s = "Hello world"
type(s)

# length of the string: the number of characters
len(s)

# replace a substring in a string with somethign else
s2 = s.replace("world", "test")
print(s2)

s[0]

s[0:5]

s[:5]

s[6:]

s[:]

s[::1]

s[::2]

print("str1" + "str2" + "str3") # strings added with + are concatenated without space

print("value = %f" % 1.0)

s2 = "value1 = %.2f value2 = %d" % (3.1415, 1.5)

print(s2)

s3 = 'value1 = {0}, value2 = {1}'.format(3.1415, 1.5)

print(s3)

l = [1,2,3,4]

print(type(l))
print(l)

print(l)

print(l[1:3])

print(l[::2])

l[0]

l = [1, 'a', 1.0, 1-1j]

print(l)

start = 10
stop = 30
step = 2

range(start, stop, step)

list(range(-10, 10))

s

# convert a string to a list:

s2 = list(s)

s2

# sorting lists
s2.sort()

print(s2)

# create a new empty list
l = []

# add an elements using `append`
l.append("A")
l.append("d")
l.append("d")

print(l)

l[1] = "p"
l[2] = "p"

print(l)

l[1:3] = ["d", "d"]

print(l)

l.insert(0, "i")
l.insert(1, "n")
l.insert(2, "s")
l.insert(3, "e")
l.insert(4, "r")
l.insert(5, "t")

print(l)

l.remove("A")

print(l)

del l[7]
del l[6]

print(l)

point = (10, 20)

print(point, type(point))

point = 10, 20

print(point, type(point))

x, y = point

print("x =", x)
print("y =", y)

point[0] = 20

params = {"parameter1" : 1.0,
          "parameter2" : 2.0,
          "parameter3" : 3.0,}

print(type(params))
print(params)

print("parameter1 = " + str(params["parameter1"]))
print("parameter2 = " + str(params["parameter2"]))
print("parameter3 = " + str(params["parameter3"]))

params["parameter1"] = "A"
params["parameter2"] = "B"

# add a new entry
params["parameter4"] = "D"

print("parameter1 = " + str(params["parameter1"]))
print("parameter2 = " + str(params["parameter2"]))
print("parameter3 = " + str(params["parameter3"]))
print("parameter4 = " + str(params["parameter4"]))

statement1 = False
statement2 = False

if statement1:
    print("statement1 is True")
    
elif statement2:
    print("statement2 is True")
    
else:
    print("statement1 and statement2 are False")

statement1 = statement2 = True

if statement1:
    if statement2:
        print("both statement1 and statement2 are True")

# Bad indentation!
if statement1:
    if statement2:
        print("both statement1 and statement2 are True")  # this line is not properly indented

statement1 = False 

if statement1:
    print("printed if statement1 is True")
    
    print("still inside the if block")

if statement1:
    print("printed if statement1 is True")
    
print("now outside the if block")

for x in [1,2,3]:
    print(x)

for x in range(4): # by default range start at 0
    print(x)

for x in range(-3,3):
    print(x)

for word in ["scientific", "computing", "with", "python"]:
    print(word)

for key, value in params.items():
    print(key + " = " + str(value))

for idx, x in enumerate(range(-3,3)):
    print(idx, x)

l1 = [x**2 for x in range(0,5)]

print(l1)

i = 0

while i < 5:
    print(i)
    
    i = i + 1
    
print("done")

def func0():   
    print("test")

func0()

def func1(s):
    """
    Print a string 's' and tell how many characters it has    
    """
    
    print(s + " has " + str(len(s)) + " characters")

help(func1)

func1("test")

def square(x):
    """
    Return the square of x.
    """
    return x ** 2

square(4)

def powers(x):
    """
    Return a few powers of x.
    """
    return x ** 2, x ** 3, x ** 4

powers(3)

x2, x3, x4 = powers(3)

print(x3)

def myfunc(x, p=2, debug=False):
    if debug:
        print("evaluating myfunc for x = " + str(x) + " using exponent p = " + str(p))
    return x**p

myfunc(5)

myfunc(5, debug=True)

myfunc(p=3, debug=True, x=7)

f1 = lambda x: x**2
    
# is equivalent to 

def f2(x):
    return x**2

f1(2), f2(2)

# map is a built-in python function
map(lambda x: x**2, range(-3,4))

class Point:
    """
    Simple class for representing a point in a Cartesian coordinate system.
    """
    
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        """
        Create a new Point at x, y.
        """
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        
    def translate(self, dx, dy):
        """
        Translate the point by dx and dy in the x and y direction.
        """
        self.x += dx
        self.y += dy
        
    def __str__(self):
        return("Point at [%f, %f]" % (self.x, self.y))

p1 = Point(0, 0) # this will invoke the __init__ method in the Point class

print(p1)         # this will invoke the __str__ method

p2 = Point(1, 1)

p1.translate(0.25, 1.5)

print(p1)
print(p2)

%%file mymodule.py
"""
Example of a python module. Contains a variable called my_variable,
a function called my_function, and a class called MyClass.
"""

my_variable = 0

def my_function():
    """
    Example function
    """
    return my_variable
    
class MyClass:
    """
    Example class.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.variable = my_variable
        
    def set_variable(self, new_value):
        """
        Set self.variable to a new value
        """
        self.variable = new_value
        
    def get_variable(self):
        return self.variable

import mymodule

help(mymodule)

mymodule.my_variable

mymodule.my_function() 

my_class = mymodule.MyClass() 
my_class.set_variable(10)
my_class.get_variable()

reload(mymodule)

%reload_ext version_information

%version_information math

%who

from IPython.core.display import HTML
def css_styling():
    styles = open("./styles/custom.css", "r").read()
    return HTML(styles)
css_styling()