import this

ls scripts/hello-world*.py

cat scripts/hello-world.py

!python scripts/hello-world.py

cat scripts/hello-world-broken.py

!python scripts/hello-world-broken.py

cat scripts/hello-world-in-arabic.py

!python scripts/hello-world-in-arabic.py

# IPython supports utf-8 by default
print "مرحبا"

%%timeit
x = range(10000)
sum(x)

%run scripts/hello-world.py

import math

import math

x = math.cos(2 * math.pi)

print x

from math import *

x = cos(2 * pi)

print x

from math import cos, pi

x = cos(2 * pi)

print x

from math import cos as cos1
import math as ma

x = cos1(2 * ma.pi)

print x

import math

print dir(math)

help(math.log)

math.log?

log(10)

# %load solutions/getting_help.py

# variable assignments
x = 1.0
my_variable = 12.2

type(x)

x = 1

type(x)

print(y)

# integers
x = 1
type(x)

# float
x = 1.0
type(x)

# boolean
b1 = True
b2 = False

type(b1)

# complex numbers: note the use of `j` to specify the imaginary part
x = 1.0 - 1.0j
type(x)

print(x)

print(x.real, x.imag)

import types

# print all types defined in the `types` module
print(dir(types))

x = 1.0

# check if the variable x is a float
type(x) is float

# check if the variable x is an int
type(x) is int

isinstance(x, float)

x = 1.5

print(x, type(x))

x = int(x)

print(x, type(x))

z = complex(x)

print(z, type(z))

x = float(z)

1 + 2, 1 - 2, 1 * 2, 1 / 2

1.0 + 2.0, 1.0 - 2.0, 1.0 * 2.0, 1.0 / 2.0

# Integer division of float numbers
3.0 // 2.0

# Note! The power operators in python isn't ^, but **
2 ** 2

True and False

not False

True or False

2 > 1, 2 < 1

2 > 2, 2 < 2

2 >= 2, 2 <= 2

# equality
[1,2] == [1,2]

# inequality
1 != 1

# objects identical?
l1 = [1,2]
l2 = l1
l1 is l2

a = 15
b = 5
c = 2.2

# expression evaluation here
val = ???

print(val)

# %load solutions/operators.py

a = 15
b = 5
c = 2.2

# expression evaluation here
val = (float(5*(a>b)) + float(2*(a<(b*4))))/float(a) * c

print(val)


s = "Hello world"
type(s)

# length of the string: the number of characters
len(s)

# replace a substring in a string with somethign else
s2 = s.replace("world", "test")
print(s2)

s[0]

s[0:5]

s[:5]

s[6:]

s[:]

s[:-2]

s[-1], s[-2]

s[::1]

s[::2]

print(dir(str))

import math
print 'The value of %5s is approximately %5.3f.' % ('PI', math.pi)

print('{0} and {1}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))
print('{1} and {0}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))

print( 'This {food} is {adjective}.'.format(food='spam', adjective='absolutely horrible') )

print( 'The story of {0}, {1}, and {other}.'.format('Bill', 'Manfred', other='Georg') )

import math
print( 'The value of PI is approximately {0:.3f}.'.format(math.pi) )

text = "Hello world!"

# %load solutions/strings.py

l = [1,2,3,4]

print(type(l))
print(l)

print(l)
print(l[1:3])
print(l[::2])

l = [1, 'a', 1.0, 1-1j]
print(l)

nested_list = [1, [2, [3, [4, [5]]]]]
print(nested_list)

nl = [1, [2, 3, 4], [5, [6, 7, 8]]]

print(nl)
print(nl[0])
print(nl[1][1])
print(nl[2][1][2])

start = 10
stop = 30
step = 2

range(start, stop, step)

# convert a string to a list by type casting:
s2 = list(s)
print s2

# sorting lists
s2.sort()
print(s2)

# create a new empty list
l = []

# add an elements using `append`
l.append("A")
l.append("d")
l.append("d")

print(l)

l[1:3] = ["d", "d"]
print(l)

del l[0]
print(l)

l1 = [1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6]
print(l1)

l2 = [1, 2, 3] * 2
print(l2)

# %load solutions/lists.py

params = {"parameter1" : 1.0,
          "parameter2" : 2.0,
          "parameter3" : 3.0,
           1: 4.0, 
           (5, 'ho'): 'hi'}

print(type(params))
print(params)

print("parameter1 = " + str(params["parameter1"]))
print("parameter2 = " + str(params["parameter2"]))
print("parameter3 = " + str(params["parameter3"]))

params["parameter1"] = "A"
params["parameter2"] = "B"

# add a new entry
params["parameter4"] = "D"

print("parameter1 = " + str(params["parameter1"]))
print("parameter2 = " + str(params["parameter2"]))
print("parameter3 = " + str(params["parameter3"]))
print("parameter4 = " + str(params["parameter4"]))
print("'key 1' = " + str(params[1]))
print("'key (5, 'ho')' = " + str(params[(5, 'ho')]))

del params["parameter2"]
print(params)

# %load solutions/dicts.py

statement1 = False
statement2 = False

if statement1:
    print("statement1 is True")
    
elif statement2:
    print("statement2 is True")
    
else:
    print("statement1 and statement2 are False")

statement1 = False 

if statement1:
    print("printed if statement1 is True")
    
    print("still inside the if block")

if statement1:
    print("printed if statement1 is True")
    
print("now outside the if block")

# a compact way for using the if statement
a = 2 if statement1 else 4
print("a= ", a)


name = 'john'
if name in ['jed', 'john']:
    print("We have Jed or John")
   
num = 1
if num in [1, 2]:
    print("We have 1 or 2")

for x in [1,2,3]:
    print(x)

for x in range(4): # by default range start at 0
    print(x)

for x in range(-3,3):
    print(x)

for word in ["scientific", "computing", "with", "python"]:
    print(word)

for key, value in params.items():
    print(key + " = " + str(value))

for idx, x in enumerate(range(-3,3)):
    print(idx, x)

i = 0

while i < 5:
    print(i)
    
    i = i + 1
    
print("done")

words = ["Aerial", "Affect", "Agile", "Agriculture", "Animal", "Attract", "Audubon",
         "Backyard", "Barrier", "Beak", "Bill", "Birdbath", "Branch", "Breed", "Buzzard",
         "The", "On", "Upper", "Not", "What", "Linked", "Up", "In", "A", "lol"]

# %load solutions/control_flow.py

def func0():   
    print("test")

func0()

def func1(s):
    """
    Print a string 's' and tell how many characters it has    
    """
    
    print(s + " has " + str(len(s)) + " characters")
    return 1, 2, 3

help(func1)

func1("test")

def powers(x):
    """
    Return a few powers of x.
    """
    return x ** 2, x ** 3, x ** 4

powers(3)

x2, x3, _ = powers(3)

print(x3)

def myfunc(x, p=2, debug=False):
    if debug:
        print("evaluating myfunc for x = " + str(x) + " using exponent p = " + str(p))
    return x**p

myfunc(5)

myfunc(5, debug=True)

myfunc(p=3, debug=True, x=7)