#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# In[7]:


get_ipython().run_line_magic('matplotlib', 'inline')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import scipy

# Graphing helper function
def setup_graph(title='', x_label='', y_label='', fig_size=None):
    fig = plt.figure()
    if fig_size != None:
        fig.set_size_inches(fig_size[0], fig_size[1])
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    ax.set_title(title)
    ax.set_xlabel(x_label)
    ax.set_ylabel(y_label)


# ---

# # Euler's Formula
# $$e^{ix} = \cos(x) + i \sin(x)$$
# 
# 
# So raising $e^{ix}$ produces rotation (in the Complex plane)
# 
# 
# ## Related to Euler's Identity
# 
# $$e^{i \pi} + 1 = 0$$
# 
# * At $x = \pi$, $\sin(\pi) = 0$, and $\cos(\pi) = -1$
# * So $e^{i \pi} = -1 + 0$
# * Move the 1 over: $e^{i \pi} + 1 = 0$
# 
# ## Complex Plane
# ![Complex Plane](files/images/complex_plane.jpg)

# In[8]:


# Generate some complex numbers, and convert them to (x,y) coordinates
complex_points = [np.e**(1j * i) for i in np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 16)]
real_parts = [z.real for z in complex_points]
imag_parts = [z.imag for z in complex_points]

# Matplotlib code to draw graph
fig = plt.figure()
fig.set_size_inches(6, 6)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.spines['left'].set_position('center')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('center')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.set_xlim((-1.5,1.5))
ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(-1.5,1.5,4))
ax.set_ylim((-1.5,1.5))
ax.set_yticks(np.linspace(-1.5,1.5,4))
ax.annotate("{0} + {1}i".format(real_parts[1], imag_parts[1]), xy=(real_parts[1], \
            imag_parts[1]), xytext=(1,1), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.08))

_ = plt.plot(real_parts, imag_parts, 'go')


# ### Going around a circle produces sine and cosine waves
# 
# ![sine_curve](files/images/Sine_curve_drawing_animation.gif)

# # Circles produce sin (and cos) waves

# In[9]:


t = np.linspace(0, 3 * 2*np.pi, 100)
e_func = [np.e**(1j * i) for i in t]


# In[10]:


setup_graph(title='real part (cosine) of e^ix', x_label='time', y_label='amplitude of real part', fig_size=(12,6))
_ = plt.plot(t, [i.real for i in e_func])


# In[11]:


setup_graph(title='imaginary part (sin) of e^ix', x_label='time', y_label='amplitude of imaginary part', fig_size=(12,6))
_ = plt.plot(t, [i.imag for i in e_func])


# In[ ]: