from sympy import pi, var, S, init_printing, log, Function, sqrt init_printing(use_latex=True) var("n") ex = -3/(4*pi) * (3*pi**2*n)**(S(1)/3) Vx = (n*ex).diff(n) Vx Vx/ex rs = (3/(4*pi*n))**(S(1)/3) rs var("A B C D") ec = A*log(rs) + B + C*rs*log(rs) + D*rs ec Vc = (n*ec).diff(n).expand() Vc rs.diff(n) / rs rs = Function("rs")(n) ec = A*log(rs) + B + C*rs*log(rs) + D*rs ec Vc = (n*ec).diff(n).expand() Vc Vc = Vc.subs(rs.diff(n), (-1/(3*n))*rs) Vc var("gamma beta1 beta2") ec = gamma / (1+beta1*sqrt(rs)+beta2*rs) ec Vc = (n*ec).diff(n) Vc Vc = Vc.subs(rs.diff(n), (-1/(3*n))*rs) Vc C = (Vc / ec).simplify() C C.normal()