## 比較函示
'''
Equal to (==)
Not equal to (!=)
Less than (<)
Less than or equal to (<=)
Greater than (>)
Greater than or equal to (>=)
'''
##比較函示會吐出True or False

a =  5 > 4
print a

b = 5 == 4
print b

## and 兩者皆真為真
## or 兩者有一真為真
## not 否定
#真值表


a = True and True
b = True and False
c = False and False
d = True or True
e = True or False
f = False or False
g = not False

print a, b, c, d, e, f, g

# if, elif and else

a = -1


if a > 3:
    print "a > 3"
elif a == 3:
    print "a = 3"
else:
    print "a < 3"

#Python 是物件導向語言
#每個東西都是物件，不同的物件之中有不同的方法來操作

class car:
    wheel = 4
    max_speed = 90
    
    #建立物件時自動呼叫的方法，參數預設要加入"self"
    def __init__(self):
        print "Let's Go!"
    
    def get_wheel(self):
        print "wheel = ", self.wheel
    
    def set_max_speed(self,speed):
        if speed > self.max_speed:
            print "Too Fast!"
        elif (speed <= self.max_speed) & (speed > 0):
            print "Safe!"
        else:
            print "Stop"
        

#我們不能直接操作物件，要操作物件之前，必須將物件實體化
car = car()
car.get_wheel()
car.set_max_speed(0)

##建立方法

def test():
    print "It's my first function in Python!"
    
test()

## 加入參數

def tax(income):
    tax = 1.035
    return income * tax


tax(50000)
# str(tax(50000))

#有關浮點數運算的誤差可以參考這篇:
#http://www.codedata.com.tw/python/python-tutorial-the-2nd-class-1-numeric-types-and-string/

#PYTHON在設定參數的時候，不用指定參數型態

def super_print(x):
    print x

super_print("cool")
super_print(13+5)
super_print([1,2,3,4,5])


def super_print(x):
    for i in x:
        print i

super_print("cool")
#super_print(13+5)
super_print([1,2,3,4,5])

#list 就是 array
zoo_animals = ["pangolin", "cassowary", "sloth", "cool"];


if len(zoo_animals) > 3:
	print "The first animal at the zoo is the " + zoo_animals[0]
	print "The second animal at the zoo is the " + zoo_animals[1]
	print "The third animal at the zoo is the " + zoo_animals[2]
	print "The fourth animal at the zoo is the " + zoo_animals[3]

numbers = [1,2,3,4]
print "數列長度: ",len(numbers)

print numbers[0]
print numbers[1]
print numbers[2]
print numbers[3] + numbers[1]

## change the content of a list
numbers[3] = 5
print numbers

numbers.append(10)
print "append : ", numbers

numbers.insert(2,100)
print "insert : ",numbers

##只能移除第一個碰到的元素
numbers.remove(100)
print "remove : ",numbers

numbers.sort()
print "sort : ",numbers

## cut the lis
numbers_a = numbers[1:4]
print numbers_a

numbers_b = numbers[:4]
print numbers_b

numbers_c = numbers[1::2]
print numbers_c


## 三倍長度
print 3 * numbers

## 分別操作list中的每個元素
for i in numbers:
    print i 
    
for i in numbers:
    print i * 3

# Dictionary 就是key and value

residents = {'Puffin' : 104, 'Sloth' : 105, 'Burmese Python' : 106}

print residents['Puffin'] # Prints Puffin's room number
print residents["Sloth"]
print residents["Burmese Python"]


#建立新的key
residents['Bryan']=107
print "create a new key: ", residents

#改變value
residents['Bryan']=207
print "change a key: ",residents['Bryan']

#移除key

del residents["Bryan"]
print "remove a key: ",residents

# 用for迴圈操作list

for i in residents:
    print i, residents[i]

def room(name):
    for n in residents:
        if n == name:
            print name, "is living in room",residents[n]
            ##若已經找到對象，則跳脫迴圈
            break
    ##如果for迴圈結束後沒有結果，則跳到else
    else:
        print "There is no this man"

room("Puffin")
        

#Dictionary 內部的value可以放的東西
inventory = {
    'gold' : 500,
    'pouch' : ['flint', 'twine', 'gemstone'], # Assigned a new list to 'pouch' key
    'backpack' : ['xylophone','dagger', 'bedroll','bread loaf']
}


# Adding a key 'burlap bag' and assigning a list to it
inventory['burlap bag'] = ['apple', 'small ruby', 'three-toed sloth']

# Sorting the list found under the key 'pouch'
inventory['pouch'].sort() 

# Your code here
inventory["pocket"] = ["seashell","strange berry", "lint"]
inventory["backpack"].sort()
inventory["backpack"].remove("dagger")
inventory["gold"]+=50

print inventory